True or False: Research facilities can refuse to permit inspections by the USDA.

The statement that research facilities must allow inspections by the USDA as a condition of compliance is correct. Under the Animal Welfare Act (AWA), the USDA has the authority to conduct inspections of research facilities to ensure that they are adhering to the regulations designed to promote animal welfare. These inspections are a critical component of oversight and are mandated by the AWA, which means that research facilities cannot legally refuse inspections.

This requirement ensures that facilities maintain the highest standards of humane treatment for animals and allows for enforcement of compliance with federal regulations. The USDA's ability to inspect facilities helps ensure transparency and accountability, contributing to the overall welfare of the animals involved in research.

The other options imply conditions under which a facility might refuse inspection or have discretion over the inspection process, which contradicts the legal obligations laid out in the AWA. Thus, the necessity for compliance with inspections is a fundamental aspect of the regulatory framework surrounding animal welfare in research settings.