What must institutions conducting animal research establish under the Animal Welfare Act?

Institutions conducting animal research must establish an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) under the Animal Welfare Act. This requirement is crucial because the IACUC is responsible for overseeing and evaluating all aspects of an institution's animal program, including the care and use of animals. The committee ensures compliance with federal regulations and promotes ethical practices in animal research.

The IACUC reviews research proposals involving animals to protect their welfare, ensuring that all research protocols minimize pain and distress and that there is justification for the use of animals. This oversight helps maintain a balance between scientific advancement and humane treatment of animals.

While an Institutional Review Board primarily focuses on human subject research and a Research Compliance Office may cover broader regulatory compliance, they do not specifically address animal welfare as the IACUC does. A Scientific Advisory Committee typically provides guidance on research design and scientific merit but does not have the remit of overseeing animal care and use in research. Therefore, establishing an IACUC is essential for compliance with the Animal Welfare Act and for the proper ethical treatment of animals in research settings.